Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics
From: Treatment setting and buprenorphine discontinuation: an analysis of multi-state insurance claims
|  | ALL, n = 58,200 | SUD Facility, n = 26,168 | Outpatient Primary Care, n = 23,899 | Outpatient Psychiatry, n = 8,133 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Â | |
Demographic variables | |||||
Sex |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Male sex | 32,253 (55.4) | 14,736 (56.3) | 12,600 (52.7) | 4917 (60.5) |  |
 Female sex | 25,947 (44.6) | 11,432 (43.7) | 11,299 (47.3) | 3216 (39.5) |  |
Mean age (SD | 34.8 (11.6) | 33.0 (10.6) | 37.2 (12.0) | 33.4 (11.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Age over 30 years | 34,737 (59.7) | 14,205 (54.3) | 16,238 (67.9) | 4294 (52.8) |  < 0.001 |
Insurance |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Medicaid | 12,287 (21.1) | 6640 (25.4) | 4841 (20.3) | 806 (9.9) |  |
 Commercial | 45,913 (78.9) | 19,528 (74.6) | 19,058 (79.7) | 7327 (90.1) | |
Race/Ethnicity (among medicaid only, n = 12,287) |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
 NH White | 9560 (81.2) | 5216 (81.5) | 3670 (80.0) | 674 (85.6) |  |
 NH Black | 625 (5.3) | 331 (5.2) | 258 (5.6) | 36 (4.6) |  |
 Hispanic | 157 (1.3) | 82 (1.3) | 71 (1.6) | 4 (0.5) |  |
 Other | 1435 (12.2) | 775 (12.1) | 587 (12.8) | 73 (9.3) |  |
Co-occurring substance use characteristics in 6Â months prior to buprenorphine initiation | |||||
 > 1 admission for drug-related poisoning in the 6 months prior to buprenorphine initiation | 5130 (8.8) | 2151 (8.2) | 2219 (9.3) | 760 (9.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Alcohol use disorder | 4943 (8.5) | 2163 (8.3) | 1930 (8.1) | 850 (10.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Sedative use disorder | 3118 (5.4) | 1369 (5.2) | 1276 (5.3) | 473 (5.8) | 0.12 |
 Cocaine use disorder | 2400 (4.1) | 1160 (4.4) | 896 (3.8) | 344 (4.2) | 0.001 |
 Methamphetamine use disorder | 1396 (2.4) | 738 (2.8) | 471 (2.0) | 187 (2.3) |  < 0.001 |
Co-occurring non-SUD psychiatric disorder in 6Â months prior to buprenorphine initiation | |||||
 Anxiety disorder | 17,953 (30.9) | 8116 (31.1) | 7332 (30.7) | 2505 (30.8) | 0.72 |
 Mood disorder | 21,004 (36.1) | 8832 (33.8) | 3523 (35.7) | 3659 (44.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Psychotic disorder | 915 (1.6) | 361 (1.4) | 394 (1.7) | 160 (2.0) | 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) based on comorbidities in the 6Â months prior to buprenorphine initiation | |||||
 CCI = 0 | 53,028 (91.1) | 24,468 (93.5) | 20,972 (87.8) | 7588 (93.3) |  |
 CCI = 1 or 2 | 4704 (8.1) | 1558 (6.0) | 2641 (11.1) | 504 (6.2) |  |
 CCI = 3 +  | 468 (0.8) | 141 (0.5) | 286 (1.2) | 41 (0.5) |  |
Buprenorphine treatment characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean daily dose of 16 + mg of buprenorphine | 12,930 (22.2) | 5681 (21.7) | 5626 (23.5) | 1623 (20.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Mean daily dose of 24 + mg of buprenorphine | 3589 (6.2) | 1698 (6.5) | 1505 (6.3) | 386 (4.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Buprenorphine discontinuation at 180 days | 29,423 (50.6) | 13,129 (50.2) | 12,208 (51.1) | 4086 (50.2) | 0.11 |
 Buprenorphine discontinuation at 365 days | 42,653 (73.3) | 19,323 (73.8) | 17,545 (73.4) | 5785 (71.1) |  < 0.001 |