Early COVID-Related pandemic impacts and subsequent opioid outcomes among persons receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a secondary data analysis of a Type-3 hybrid trial

Table 2 Results from multiple regression of opioid outcomes on EPII scales at follow-up (n = 129)

	Any opioid days Y/N			Number of opioid-related problems
	95% CI			95% CI
	OR	Lower	Upper	RR	Lower	Upper
Baseline	1.06	1.02	1.09	1.02	0.91	1.13
Employment	1.22	0.81	1.85	1.25	1.08	1.43
Interpersonal conflict	1.67	1.01	2.74	0.95	0.80	1.13
Social isolation	1.09	0.84	1.41	1.02	0.91	1.15
Economic	0.98	0.67	1.43	1.16	0.91	1.48
Emotional health	0.78	0.48	1.26	0.95	0.81	1.12
Substance use	1.36	0.76	2.44	0.95	0.72	1.26
Physical health	0.85	0.58	1.23	1.02	0.85	1.23
Physical distancing	0.92	0.64	1.32	0.86	0.70	1.06
Infection exposure	1.29	0.41	4.07	1.75	1.17	2.62
Caretaking	0.78	0.58	1.06	0.93	0.77	1.12
Age (years)	1.01	0.96	1.07	0.99	0.97	1.01
Condition	1.04	0.39	2.76	0.82	0.50	1.34
Biological sex	1.98	0.66	5.96	1.15	0.58	2.29
Race/ethnicity	1.60	0.47	5.46	1.55	0.88	2.73

Note: Condition is coded 0 = control strategy, 1 = experimental strategy; biological sex is coded 0 = male, 1 = female; race/ethnicity is coded 0 = Non-Hispanic White, 1 = racially/ethnically minoritized people. Opioid-related problems regression estimates are results from the count portion of a zero-inflated regression. Results from inflation portion are included in supplementary info (Additional file 1: Table S2). The effect of the addition of all EPII variables to the Any Opioid Days outcome was χ2 (10, N = 128) = 11.7, p = .303. The effect of addition of all EPII variables to the Opioid Problems model was χ2 (10, N = 128) = 14.3, p = .161

ISSN: 1940-0640