Non-overdose acute care hospitalizations for opioid use disorder among commercially-insured adults: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Hospitalization treatment characteristics by OUD diagnosis position (primary/secondary)

Variable	All	Primary-OUD	Secondary- OUD	p-value
N	56,717	24,495	32,222
Length of Stay (days), Mean (SD)	7.0 (7.8)	8.5 (9.0)	5.8 (6.4)	< 0.001
Discharge Status (n, %)				<0 .001
Discharged to ‘home or self-care’, or ‘home health service’	39,330 (69.3)	14,188 (57.9)	25,142 (78.0)
Self-directed discharge/AMA	3282 (5.8)	1006 (4.1)	2276 (7.1)
Transfer to another facility^a	2208 (3.9)	1162 (4.7)	1046 (3.2)
Other	11,897 (21.0)	8139 (33.2)	3758 (11.7)
Prescription medication coverage^b (n, %)	49,502 (87.3%)	21,752 (88.8%)	27,750 (86.1%)	< 0.001
Outpatient Prescription medication observable^c (n, %)	40,237 (70.9%)	15,848 (64.7%)	24,389 (75.7%)	< 0.001
Post-discharge medications (n, %^d)
Buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone	3550 (8.8%)	1424 (9.0%)	2126 (8.7%)	.35

Primary-OUD: hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of OUD; Secondary-OUD, hospitalizations with OUD in any position other than first. Group differences were evaluated using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables
^aTransfer to another facility includes all transfers to skilled nursing facilities and similar inpatient settings. ‘Other’ includes hospitalizations with missing discharge codes, where the discharge code indicated outpatient followup was not possible (e.g. deceased) or discharge location was not clearly home, transfer or self-directed discharge/AMA (e.g., ‘still patient’)
^bIncludes all hospitalizations for patients with prescription medication coverage for at least 10 days post-discharge
^cIncludes those who have prescription medication coverage and who were discharged to an outpatient setting (‘home or self-care’, or ‘home health service’, ‘left AMA’, etc.; see Additional file 1: Appendix Table 7 for full list)
^dPercent of hospitalizations for individuals who have prescription medication coverage and were discharged to an outpatient setting

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