An evaluation of the maintenance to abstinence (MTA) program in achieving abstinence in opioid users and improving mental health and quality of life

Table 1 Completion, length of stay, demographic differences and primary drug addiction behaviours in completers versus non-completers

	Total		Completers	Non-completers	p value
	N = 100		N = 51	N = 49
	n	%	%	%
Exit status					< 0.001³
Voluntary	85	85	51	34
Program complete	23	23	23	0
Program incomplete	15	15	0	15
Progression to therapeutic community	28	28	28	0
Reduction complete	19	19	0	19
Involuntary	15	15	0	15
Reduction complete	9	9	0	9
Reduction incomplete	6	6	0	6
Length of stay (LOS) in days^a					< 0.001^b
< 47	25	25	0	25
47–82	23	23	3	20
> 82	52	52	48	4
Gender
Male	56	56	53.1	58.8	0.562^b
Female	44	44	46.9	41.2
Age (years)
< 30	9	9	5.9	12.2
30–39	43	43	39.2	46.9
40–49	37	37	56.8	32.7
> 50	11	11	13.7	8.2
Mean age in years (sd)	38.9	(7.7)	40.1 (7.7)	37.6 (7.5)	0.094^c
Rurality (n = 98)					0.901^c
MMM1	63	62	64.7	63.8
MMM2	3	3	2.0	4.3
MMM3	9	8	7.8	10.6
MMM4	15	15	17.6	12.8
MMM5	8	8	7.8	8.5
Mean MMM score (sd)	2.0	(1.5)	2.0 (1.5)	2.0 (1.4)	0.890^c
Primary substance					0.781^b
Analgesics	80	80	82.4	77.6
Sedatives and hypnotics	12	12	9.8	14.3
Stimulants and antipsychotics	8	8	7.8	8.2
Method of use					0.773^b
Inject	65	65	70.6	59.2
Ingest	25	25	19.6	30.6
Absorption	2	2	2.0	2.0
Smoke	4	4	3.9	4.1
Sniff (powder)	1	1	2.0	0.0
Other	3	3	2.0	2.0
Last injected (n = 99)					0.614^b
Within previous 3 months	65	65	66.7	63.3
More than 3, less than 12 months	12	12	13.7	10.2
More than 12 months ago	11	11	11.8	10.2
Never Injected	12	12	7.8	16.3

sd standard deviation, MMM Modified Monash Model
^aA completer stay of less than 91 days indicates an early attainment of abstinence and progression to the therapeutic communities program at the same facility
^bp value for Chi-squared test
^cp value for t-test

ISSN: 1940-0640