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Table 2 Bivariable and multivariable GEE analysis of factors associated with HAT eligibility among people who live with HIV

From: Eligibility for heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) among people who inject opioids and are living with HIV in a Canadian setting

Characteristic

Bivariable

Multivariable

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Age

    

 (Per 10 years older)

0.97 (0.94–1.01)

0.101

  

Gender

    

 (Male vs. female/non-male)

0.49 (0.31–0.80)

0.004

0.50 (0.31–0.82)

0.006

Ethnicity

    

 (Caucasian vs. other)

1.39 (0.84–2.28)

0.198

  

Homelessnessa

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.61 (1.21–2.16)

0.001

1.47 (1.07–2.01)

0.016

Relationship statusa

    

 (Legally married/common law/regular partner vs. other)

0.82 (0.60–1.12)

0.213

  

Highest level of education completed

    

 (≥ high school diploma vs. < high school diploma)

1.01 (0.62–1.65)

0.957

  

Employmenta

    

 (Yes vs. no)

0.73 (0.56–0.95)

0.018

  

Money spent on drugs p/day

    

 (= $50 per day vs. < $50 per day)

1.53 (1.15–2.02)

0.003

  

Drug dealinga

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.93 (1.50–2.49)

< 0.001

1.76 (1.33–2.31)

< 0.001

Years of using injection heroin at baseline

    

 (Per year increase)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.781

  

Daily non-injection cocaine usea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.76 (0.54–5.68)

0.347

  

Daily non-injection heroin usea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

7.45 (1.50–37.05)

0.014

8.18 (1.25–53.56)

0.028

Daily crack usea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.56 (1.17–2.09)

0.003

1.35 (1.01–1.82)

0.045

Daily meth usea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.79 (0.97–3.30)

0.061

  

Overdosea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.29 (0.77–2.15)

0.328

  

Lent syringea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

0.93 (0.24–3.59)

0.915

  

Recent incarcerationa

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.34 (0.83–2.18)

0.233

  

Engaged in any form of unprotected sexa

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.07 (0.64–1.81)

0.787

  

Exchanged sex for gifts, food, shelter, clothes, etc.a

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.30 (0.73–2.32)

0.378

  

Attacked, assaulted, or suffered violencea

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.10 (0.76–1.58)

0.613

  

HCVa

    

 (Yes vs. no)

1.05 (0.53–2.05)

0.898

  

Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load > 50 c/mLa

    

 (Yes vs. no)

0.98 (0.76–1.25)

0.853

  

On ART (≥ 1 day)a

    

 (Yes vs. no)

0.79 (0.56–1.10)

0.162

  

CD4+ cell counta

    

 (Per 100 cells/mL increase)

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

0.096

1.08 (1.00–1.17)

0.042

  1. aAll behavioural variables refer to the 6 months prior to the follow-up questionnaire