From: Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa
Variable | HIV status | Bivariate logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regression | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | |||
Sociodemographic characteristic | (n = 287) | (n = 354) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 29.0 (8.5) | 31.5 (7.0) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07)*** | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)** |
% education ≥10th grade | 70.4 | 56.5 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.76)*** | 0.69 (0.48, 0.98)* |
% unemployed | 82.7 | 87.7 | 1.49 (0.93, 2.38) | Â |
% married or living as married | 46.7 | 52.5 | 1.26 (0.93, 1.73) | Â |
% ever had a family member with HIV/AIDS | 59.1 | 64.9 | 1.28 (0.93, 1.76) | Â |
% ever incarcerated (lifetime) | 29.7 | 39.5 | 1.55 (1.11, 2.15)** | 1.10 (0.76, 1.59) |
% ever in substance abuse treatment (lifetime) | 7.0 | 5.6 | 0.80 (0.42, 1.52) | Â |
Urine drug screen and breathalyzer results | ||||
% marijuana (THC) positive | 31.4 | 31.4 | 1.0 (0.71, 1.40) | Â |
% opiate positive | 19.2 | 16.9 | 0.86 (0.57, 1.29) | Â |
% cocaine positive | 15.7 | 13.3 | 0.82 (0.53, 1.28) | Â |
% opiate or cocaine positive | 21.3 | 20.3 | 0.95 (0.64, 1.39) | Â |
% alcohol (breathalyzer) positive | 12.9 | 15.3 | 1.22 (0.77, 1.91) | Â |
Mean breathalyzer score for women with a positive alcohol test (SD) | 0.08 (0.11) | 0.08 (0.11) | 1.69 (0.03, 82.96) | Â |
Self-report alcohol and drug use past 30Â days | ||||
% alcohol | 84.7 | 88.7 | 1.42 (0.90, 2.25) | Â |
% marijuana | 28.6 | 30.5 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.55) | Â |
% cocaine (rock) | 13.2 | 10.5 | 0.76 (0.47, 1.24) | Â |
% heroin and marijuana mixed (Nyaope) | 18.8 | 15.3 | 0.78 (0.51, 1.17) | Â |
Self-report Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tests (AUDIT) score ≥20 | 26.5 | 34.2 | 1.44 (1.02, 2.03)* | 1.43 (0.99, 2.07) |
Sex risk behaviors | ||||
% used a condom at last sex | 28.5 | 43.3 | 1.92 (1.37, 2.68)*** | 1.45 (0.97, 2.16) |
# times unprotected sex past 30Â days, mean (SD) | 8.6 (12.9) | 8.9 (14.2) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | Â |
Sex work past 6Â months | 26.8 | 45.2 | 2.25 (1.61, 3.14)*** | 1.47 (0.98, 2.22) |
Victimization | ||||
% physically assaulted past year | 9.1 | 13.3 | 1.54 (0.93, 2.55) | Â |
% sexually assaulted past year | 5.2 | 7.3 | 1.44 (0.75, 2.77) | Â |
SF-36 mental health and vitality scales | ||||
Mental health scale score, mean (SD)a | 65.1 (19.2) | 64.3 (19) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | Â |
Vitality scale score, mean (SD)a | 34.2 (18.3) | 35.7 (17.2) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | Â |
Contextual factors | ||||
% recruited from inner cityb | 24.4 | 40.4 | 2.1 (1.49, 2.96)*** | 1.90 (1.30, 2.78)** |
Century month recruitedc, mean (SD) | 150.7 (8.5) | 150.3 (8.7) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | Â |
% living in informal settlementd | 30.3 | 38.4 | 1.43 (1.03, 2.00)* | 1.49 (1.04, 2.14)* |